Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. It's characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen (male hormone), and polycystic ovaries, where the ovaries develop numerous small collections of fluid — called follicles — and fail to regularly release eggs.
Causes of PCOS
The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, but several factors might play a role:
1. High levels of insulin: Insulin resistance, where the body's cells become resistant to the effect of insulin, can lead to higher levels of insulin in the body, which may increase androgen production causing difficulty with ovulation.
2. An irregular menstrual cycle.
3. Heredity: Research suggests that certain genes might be linked to PCOS.
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnosis of PCOS involves several steps:
1. Medical History: Your physician will discuss your medical history, including menstrual periods, weight changes, and other symptoms.
2. Physical Exam: This may include an examination of your skin for extra hair on your face, chest or back, acne, or skin discoloration.
3. Pelvic Exam: Your physician may perform a pelvic exam for signs of extra male hormones.
4. Blood tests: These might be done to measure hormone levels, glucose tolerance, fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
5. Ultrasound: Your doctor might perform a pelvic ultrasound to check for polycystic ovaries.
Treatments for PCOS
Treatment of PCOS focuses on managing individual concerns, such as infertility, hirsutism, acne, or obesity.
1. Lifestyle changes: A healthy diet combined with regular exercise can help keep your weight under control and can improve your condition.
2. Medications: Birth control pills may help regulate menstruation, reduce androgen production and clear acne. Other medicines like anti-androgen medications, Metformin, Clomiphene, Letrozole, and Gonadotropins can also be prescribed depending on the symptoms and whether you are planning for pregnancy.
Remember, each individual's experience with PCOS can be different, and treatment should be tailored to fit the individual's symptoms and needs. If you suspect that you have PCOS, it's important to discuss your symptoms with a healthcare provider who can guide you through the diagnosis and treatment options. In conclusion, while PCOS is a common disorder, with the right diagnosis and treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively, and complications can be minimized. It's important to maintain regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust your treatment plan as necessary.
Resources:
American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists, FAQ on PCOS: